You can find a lot of material on this topic on Google. "Theoretically, any 5V, 2A USB power supply will work. However, there are big differences in the quality of such power supplies, and the ASUS Tinker Board - just like the Raspberry Pi 3 - may not run stably with particularly bad devices.
By the way: The 3x USB power supply KOPPLA from IKEA (10 Stutz) is of good quality, a little insider tip ;)

If the mobile phone charger supplies 5v 2A: yes.

Although the Swiss price is a bit exaggerated, I can only recommend the Raspberry Pi 3 power supply.

My own experiments with a 5V/2.1A mobile phone charger caused exactly the same problems at borderline loads that I had with a Raspberry Pi 2. Unlike the Raspberry Pi, there is no indication on the screen when the voltage falls into the critical range and the LEDs do not allow any conclusions to be drawn either.