Hi! Yes, it's included, it's a proprietary cable from Seagate.

Yes, sure, just format the disk as MacOS Extended or APFS using Disk Utility.

So I've been using this drive with Windows 10 for several months now and I have no problems.

yes, that is also possible ^^ but then you can't benefit from the faster transfer rate! USB is always downward compatible!

This goes. I hope I was able to answer your question. If so, please accept my answer as an answer to your question.

...yes.

No, Seagate produces only the colors Blue, Red, Silver and Black: http://www.seagate.com/consumer/backup/backup-plus/

USB is backwards compatible. And anyone who told you otherwise should inform themselves better. The only disadvantage you will have is that you will not reach USB 3.0 speeds. As it says in the Segate factsheet.

Yes. Compatibility with Windows 10 should not be a problem.

There's a USB Type A cable with it. You're thinking USB Type C, I guess? You need an extra cable for that: LINK2GO USB 3.0 Kabel (C - Micro, 1m)

As far as I know, this problem can only be solved by restarting or resetting Windows. Or you can download another programme to view the pictures. Reset Windows: Click on Windows Start Button >> Settings >> Update and Security >> Recovery >> Reset this PC - Here we go >> "Keep My Documents"/ "Remove All" option. More topics via Google: https://www.google.ch/search?q=remoteprozeduraufruf+is+failed+windows+10+pictures

Modello: STDR2000200 Versione Slim Sito del produttore: http://www.seagate.com/it/it/consumer/backup/backup-plus/?cmpid=friendly-_-backup-plus-slim&sku=STDR2000200

This is an external hard drive. You can't just build it into the PS4. The easiest way is to buy a laptop hard drive (for example this one: Samsung Spinpoint M9T (2000GB, 2.5", Notebook)). If you need more than 2 TB, then there is the possibility to "install" a desktop HDD. However, this does not fit into the PS4. Either you can run it next to the PS4 and connect it via cable (see tutorial here: http://www.gamefaqs.com/boards/691087-playstation-4/69429669) or you buy a "Data Bank" from Nyko (http://www.amazon.com/Nyko-Data-Bank-PlayStation-4/dp/B00UA55ZRI/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1452495588&sr=8-1&keywords=nyko+data+bank). Note: Disks with more than 2 TB are not officially supported. You can get the PS4 to work (I have a 4 TB with Nyko Data Bank: https://www.digitec.ch/de/s1/product/seagate-desktop-sshd-4000gb-35-desktop-festplatte-2374855), but Rest Mode will no longer work. This also means no more suspend/resume and always having to shut down the PS4 completely.

Diese sind alle kompatibel: https://www.digitec.ch/de/s1/producttype/usb-kabel-292?f=53961-53967-177433&tagIds=77-533-532

I don't quite understand the question. What exactly do you want to do? It is ideal as an additional data backup, for example. It also works wonderfully with Windows 10.